What drives cross-country health inequality in the EU? Unpacking the role of socio-economic factors

Gintare Mazeikate, Cathal O’Donoghue, Denisa Sologon

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Despite comparable living standards and a nearly universal healthcare provision, there are large cross-country differences in population health in the European Union. More than half of this variation remains unexplained after accounting for macro-level factors. This paper investigates how individual-level differences in demographic characteristics, education, labour market factors and income shape the prevalence of poor self-assessed health in the EU. A semi-parametric decomposition approach is used, which relies on constructing synthetic distributions of health that would prevail in each country if they had similar distributions of socio-economic factors as the country with the best self-assessed population health – Ireland. We find regional clustering of decomposition results. When compared with Ireland, differences in the examined factors explain up to a third of excess poor health in the Southern
and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. On the other hand, we could not explain health differences between Ireland and the other Western European countries, which tend to have poorer self-assessed population health but more favourable distributions of socioeconomic factors. Cultural differences in reporting styles may be responsible for this result.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)117-155
Number of pages39
JournalSocial Indicators Research
Volume155
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jan 2021

Keywords

  • EU-SILC
  • cross-country decomposition
  • socio-economic factors
  • health inequality

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