Evaluation of changes in the landscape using 3D GIS-based visibility analysis

This presentation demonstrates the potential of GIS-based visibility analysis and remote sensing (specifically using airborne laser scanning—ALS) in the research and preservation of military architecture and fortified landscapes. Using selected fortifications from the historic Krakow Fortress as case studies, we illustrate how ALS data effectively supports inventory processes, architectural documentation, and the revalorisation of heritage structures. The practical benefits of applying ALS data in capturing detailed landscape characteristics, assessing the visibility of defensive structures, and guiding conservation decisions are highlighted. This research confirms ALS as a valuable tool in managing and protecting complex historical landscapes.