Forms and principles of state support for public-private partnership projects

Infrastructure projects are mostly capital-intensive, have a long payback period, and carry a social burden. The cost of services provided to society is usually regulated by the government. The participation of private investors in such projects is associated with significant risks that arise at the project level and in relation to the state as a partner. On the other hand, the implementation of PPP projects requires significant amounts of funding, which often necessitates the involvement of financial institutions. To implement such projects, it is necessary to provide state support. The article presents the forms of state support used in world practice. The essence and types of state guarantees as a form of state support for PPP projects are disclosed. The principles of their provision are systematized. The author proposes a conceptual approach to the decision-making by governments to provide state guarantees for PPP projects.